Lipset's indicators for the survival of democracy

Usage

data(LR) data(LC) data(LM) data(LF)

Description

This data set is taken from Lipset (1959), as used by Rihoux and De Meur (2009), Cronqvist and Berg-Schlosser (2009) and Ragin (2009).

Format

A data frame containing 18 rows and the following 6 columns:

DEV
Level of development
URB
Level of urbanization
LIT
Level of literacy
IND
Level of industrialization
STB
Government stability
SURV
Survival of democracy during the inter-war period.

Details

There are four different versions of the Lipset data:

LR
contains the raw data
LC
is the same data calibrated to binary crisp sets
LM
is calibrated to multi-value sets
LF
is calibrated to fuzzy-sets

The causal conditions are:

DEV referring to the level of development: in the raw data is the GDP per capita (USD), calibrated in the binary crisp version to 0 if below 550 USD and 1 otherwise. For the multi-value crisp version, two thresholds were used: 550 and 850 USD.

URB is the percent of the population in towns with 20,000 or more inhabitants, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 50% and 1 if above.

LIT is the percent of the literate population, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 75% and 1 if above.

IND is the percent of the industrial labor force, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 30% and 1 if above.

STB is a “political-institutional” condition added to the previous four “socioeconomic” ones. The raw data has the number of cabinets which governed in the period under study, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if 10 or above and 1 if below 10.

The outcome is the column SURV, calibrated to 0 if negative, and 1 if positive raw data.

References

Lipset, S. M. (1959) “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, American Political Science Review vol.53, pp.69-105.

Cronqvist, L.; Berg-Schlosser, D. (2009) “Multi-Value QCA (mvQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.

Rihoux, B.; De Meur, G. (2009) “Crisp Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.

Ragin, C. (2009) “Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using Fuzzy-Sets (fsQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.