SIHR

The goal of SIHR is to provide inference procedures in the high-dimensional setting for (1) linear functionals in generalized linear regression, (2) conditional average treatment effects in generalized linear regression (CATE), (3) quadratic functionals in generalized linear regression (QF) (4) inner product in generalized linear regression (InnProd) and (5) distance in generalized linear regression (Dist).

Currently, we support different generalized linear regression, by specifying the argument model in “linear”, “logisitc”, “logistic_alter”.

Installation

You can install the development version from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("prabrishar1/SIHR")

Examples

These are basic examples which show how to solve the common high-dimensional inference problems:

library(SIHR)

Linear functional in linear regression model - 1

Generate Data and find the truth linear functionals:

set.seed(0)
X = matrix(rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
y = -0.5 + X[,1] * 0.5 + X[,2] * 1 + rnorm(100)
loading1 = c(1, 1, rep(0, 118))
loading2 = c(-0.5, -1, rep(0, 118))
loading.mat = cbind(loading1, loading2)
## consider the intercept.loading=FALSE
truth1 = 0.5 * 1 + 1 * 1
truth2 = 0.5 * -0.5 + 1 * -1
truth = c(truth1, truth2)
truth
#> [1]  1.50 -1.25

In the example, the linear functional does not involve the intercept term, so we set intercept.loading=FALSE (default). If users want to include the intercept term, please set intercept.loading=TRUE, such that truth1 = -0.5 + 1.5 = 1; truth2 = -0.5 - 1.25 = -1.75

Call LF with model="linear":

Est = LF(X, y, loading.mat, model="linear", intercept=TRUE, intercept.loading=FALSE, verbose=TRUE)
#> Computing LF for loading (1/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3
#> Computing LF for loading (2/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3

ci method for LF

ci(Est)
#>   loading     lower     upper
#> 1       1  1.111919  1.722561
#> 2       2 -1.529687 -1.020350

Note that both true values are included in their corresponding confidence intervals.

summary method for LF

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Linear Functional
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>        1      1.158      1.417     0.1558   9.098 0.000e+00 ***
#>        2     -1.015     -1.275     0.1299  -9.813 9.924e-23 ***

summary() function returns the summary statistics, including the plugin estimator, the bias-corrected estimator, standard errors.

Linear functional in linear regression model - 2

Sometimes, we may be interested in multiple linear functionals, each with a separate loading. To be computationally efficient, we can specify the argument beta.init first, so that the program can save time to compute the initial estimator repeatedly.

set.seed(1)
X = matrix(rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
y = -0.5 + X[,1:10] %*% rep(0.5, 10) + rnorm(100)
loading.mat = matrix(0, nrow=120, ncol=10)
for(i in 1:ncol(loading.mat)){
  loading.mat[i,i] =  1
}
library(glmnet)
#> Loading required package: Matrix
#> Loaded glmnet 4.1-4
cvfit = cv.glmnet(X, y, family = "gaussian", alpha = 1, intercept = TRUE, standardize = T)
beta.init = as.vector(coef(cvfit, s = cvfit$lambda.min))

Call LF with model="linear":

Est = LF(X, y, loading.mat, model="linear", intercept=TRUE, beta.init=beta.init, verbose=FALSE)

ci method for LF

ci(Est)
#>    loading       lower     upper
#> 1        1  0.01511794 0.7789204
#> 2        2  0.17744949 1.2347802
#> 3        3  0.14589125 0.9074732
#> 4        4  0.05357240 0.7355096
#> 5        5  0.18122547 1.0292098
#> 6        6 -0.30397428 0.7048378
#> 7        7  0.33282671 0.9970891
#> 8        8  0.01564265 0.7708467
#> 9        9  0.46020627 1.0619827
#> 10      10  0.12026114 0.7637474

summary method for LF

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Linear Functional
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>        1     0.2698     0.3970     0.1949  2.0376 4.159e-02   *
#>        2     0.4145     0.7061     0.2697  2.6178 8.849e-03  **
#>        3     0.4057     0.5267     0.1943  2.7109 6.711e-03  **
#>        4     0.2631     0.3945     0.1740  2.2679 2.333e-02   *
#>        5     0.3773     0.6052     0.2163  2.7977 5.147e-03  **
#>        6     0.2730     0.2004     0.2574  0.7788 4.361e-01    
#>        7     0.3664     0.6650     0.1695  3.9240 8.708e-05 ***
#>        8     0.2911     0.3932     0.1927  2.0412 4.124e-02   *
#>        9     0.5699     0.7611     0.1535  4.9577 7.133e-07 ***
#>       10     0.2839     0.4420     0.1642  2.6926 7.091e-03  **

Linear functional in logistic regression model

Generate Data and find the truth linear functionals:

set.seed(0)
X = matrix(rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
exp_val = -0.5 + X[,1] * 0.5 + X[,2] * 1
prob = exp(exp_val) / (1+exp(exp_val))
y = rbinom(100, 1, prob)
## loadings
loading1 = c(1, 1, rep(0, 118))
loading2 = c(-0.5, -1, rep(0, 118))
loading.mat = cbind(loading1, loading2)
## consider the intercept.loading=TRUE
truth1 = 0.5 * 1 + 1 * 1
truth2 = 0.5 * -0.5 + 1 * -1
truth = c(truth1, truth2)
truth.prob = exp(truth) / (1 + exp(truth))
truth; truth.prob
#> [1]  1.50 -1.25
#> [1] 0.8175745 0.2227001

Call LF with model="logistic" or model="logistic_alter":

## model = "logisitc"
Est = LF(X, y, loading.mat, model="logistic", verbose=TRUE)
#> Computing LF for loading (1/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3
#> Computing LF for loading (2/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3

ci method for LF

## confidence interval for linear combination
ci(Est)
#>   loading      lower      upper
#> 1       1  0.6393023  2.2699716
#> 2       2 -1.9644387 -0.5538893
## confidence interval after probability transformation
ci(Est, probability = TRUE)
#>   loading     lower     upper
#> 1       1 0.6545957 0.9063594
#> 2       2 0.1229875 0.3649625

summary method for LF

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Linear Functional
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>        1     0.8116      1.455     0.4160   3.497 0.0004709 ***
#>        2    -0.8116     -1.259     0.3598  -3.499 0.0004666 ***

Call LF with model="logistic_alter":

## model = "logistic_alter"
Est = LF(X, y, loading.mat, model="logistic_alter", verbose=TRUE)
#> Computing LF for loading (1/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3
#> Computing LF for loading (2/2)... 
#> The projection direction is identified at mu = 0.061329at step =3

ci method for LF

## confidence interval for linear combination
ci(Est)
#>   loading      lower     upper
#> 1       1  0.6077181  2.191417
#> 2       2 -1.8922856 -0.530151
## confidence interval after probability transformation
ci(Est, probability = TRUE)
#>   loading     lower     upper
#> 1       1 0.6474201 0.8994761
#> 2       2 0.1309841 0.3704817

summary method for LF

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Linear Functional
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>        1     0.7942      1.400     0.4040   3.464 0.0005319 ***
#>        2    -0.7942     -1.211     0.3475  -3.486 0.0004910 ***

Conditional Average Treatment Effect in linear regression model

Generate Data and find the truth linear functionals:

set.seed(0)
## 1st data
X1 = matrix(rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
y1 = -0.5 + X1[,1] * 0.5 + X1[,2] * 1 + rnorm(100)
## 2nd data
X2 = matrix(0.8*rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
y2 = 0.1 + X2[,1] * 1.8 + X2[,2] * 1.8 + rnorm(100)
## loadings
loading1 = c(1, 1, rep(0, 118))
loading2 = c(-0.5, -1, rep(0, 118))
loading.mat = cbind(loading1, loading2)
truth1 = (1.8*1 + 1.8*1) - (0.5*1 + 1*1)
truth2 = (1.8*(-0.5) + 1.8*(-1))- (0.5*(-0.5) + 1*(-1))
truth = c(truth1, truth2)
truth
#> [1]  2.10 -1.45

Call CATE with model="linear":

Est = CATE(X1, y1, X2, y2, loading.mat, model="linear")

ci method for CATE

ci(Est)
#>   loading     lower      upper
#> 1       1  1.338908  2.9843155
#> 2       2 -1.931858 -0.9300702

summary method for CATE

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Treatment Effect
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>        1      1.991      2.162     0.4198   5.150 2.609e-07 ***
#>        2     -1.321     -1.431     0.2556  -5.599 2.153e-08 ***

Conditional Average Treatment Effect in logistic regression model

Generate Data and find the truth linear functionals:

set.seed(0)
## 1st data
X1 = matrix(rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
exp_val1 = -0.5 + X1[,1] * 0.5 + X1[,2] * 1
prob1 = exp(exp_val1) / (1 + exp(exp_val1))
y1 = rbinom(100, 1, prob1)
## 2nd data
X2 = matrix(0.8*rnorm(100*120), nrow=100, ncol=120)
exp_val2 = -0.5 + X2[,1] * 1.8 + X2[,2] * 1.8
prob2 = exp(exp_val2) / (1 + exp(exp_val2))
y2 = rbinom(100, 1, prob2)
## loadings
loading1 = c(1, 1, rep(0, 118))
loading2 = c(-0.5, -1, rep(0, 118))
loading.mat = cbind(loading1, loading2)
truth1 = (1.8*1 + 1.8*1) - (0.5*1 + 1*1)
truth2 = (0.8*(-0.5) + 0.8*(-1)) - (0.5*(-0.5) + 1*(-1)) 
truth = c(truth1, truth2)
prob.fun = function(x) exp(x)/(1+exp(x))
truth.prob1 = prob.fun(1.8*1 + 1.8*1) - prob.fun(0.5*1 + 1*1)
truth.prob2 = prob.fun(1.8*(-0.5) + 1.8*(-1)) - prob.fun(0.5*(-0.5) + 1*(-1)) 
truth.prob = c(truth.prob1, truth.prob2)

truth; truth.prob
#> [1] 2.10 0.05
#> [1]  0.1558285 -0.1597268

Call CATE with model="logistic" or model="logisitc_alter":

Est = CATE(X1, y1, X2, y2, loading.mat, model="logistic", verbose = FALSE)

ci method for CATE:

## confidence interval for linear combination
ci(Est)
#>   loading      lower    upper
#> 1       1 -0.4253334 3.397421
#> 2       2 -3.3720814 1.259623
## confidence interval after probability transformation
ci(Est, probability = TRUE)
#>   loading       lower      upper
#> 1       1 -0.01213062 0.28746833
#> 2       2 -0.34578964 0.08603778

summary method for CATE:

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Treatment Effect
#> 
#> Estimators: 
#>  loading est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)  
#>        1     0.9234      1.486     0.9752  1.5238   0.1276  
#>        2    -0.3643     -1.056     1.1816 -0.8939   0.3714

Quadratic functional in linear regression

Generate Data and find the truth quadratic functionals:

set.seed(0)
A1gen <- function(rho, p){
  M = matrix(NA, nrow=p, ncol=p)
  for(i in 1:p) for(j in 1:p) M[i,j] = rho^{abs(i-j)}
  M
}
Cov = A1gen(0.5, 150)/2
X = MASS::mvrnorm(n=400, mu=rep(0, 150), Sigma=Cov)
beta = rep(0, 150); beta[25:50] = 0.2
y = X%*%beta + rnorm(400)
test.set = c(40:60)
truth = as.numeric(t(beta[test.set])%*%Cov[test.set, test.set]%*%beta[test.set])
truth
#> [1] 0.5800391

Call QF with model="linear" with intial estimator given:

library(glmnet)
outLas <- cv.glmnet(X, y, family = "gaussian", alpha = 1,
                            intercept = T, standardize = T)
beta.init = as.vector(coef(outLas, s = outLas$lambda.min))
Est = QF(X, y, G=test.set, A=NULL, model="linear", beta.init=beta.init, verbose=FALSE)

ci method for QF

ci(Est)
#>    tau     lower     upper
#> 1 0.25 0.4397755 0.7416457
#> 2 0.50 0.4320213 0.7494000
#> 3 1.00 0.4175514 0.7638699

summary method for QF

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Quadratic Functional
#> 
#>   tau est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>  0.25     0.4547     0.5907    0.07701   7.671 1.710e-14 ***
#>  0.50     0.4547     0.5907    0.08097   7.296 2.969e-13 ***
#>  1.00     0.4547     0.5907    0.08835   6.686 2.291e-11 ***

Inner product in linear regression model

Generate Data and find the true inner product:

set.seed(0)
p = 120
mu = rep(0,p)
Cov = diag(p)
## 1st data
n1 = 200
X1 = MASS::mvrnorm(n1,mu,Cov)
beta1 = rep(0, p); beta1[c(1,2)] = c(0.5, 1)
y1 = X1%*%beta1 + rnorm(n1)
## 2nd data
n2 = 200
X2 = MASS::mvrnorm(n2,mu,Cov)
beta2 = rep(0, p); beta2[c(1,2)] = c(1.8, 0.8)
y2 = X2%*%beta2 + rnorm(n2)
## test.set
G =c(1:10)

truth <- as.numeric(t(beta1[G])%*%Cov[G,G]%*%beta2[G])
truth
#> [1] 1.7

Call InnProd with model="linear":

Est = InnProd(X1, y1, X2, y2, G, model="linear")

ci method for InnProd

ci(Est)
#>    tau     lower    upper
#> 1 0.25 0.8118224 2.376767
#> 2 0.50 0.7628233 2.425767
#> 3 1.00 0.6648251 2.523765

summary method for InnProd

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Inner Product
#> 
#>   tau est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value  Pr(>|z|)    
#>  0.25     0.9745      1.594     0.3992   3.993 6.512e-05 ***
#>  0.50     0.9745      1.594     0.4242   3.758 1.712e-04 ***
#>  1.00     0.9745      1.594     0.4742   3.362 7.742e-04 ***

Distance in linear regression model

Generate Data and find the true distance:

set.seed(0)
p = 120
mu = rep(0,p)
Cov = diag(p)
## 1st data
n1 = 200
X1 = MASS::mvrnorm(n1,mu,Cov)
beta1 = rep(0, p); beta1[c(1,2)] = c(0.5, 1)
y1 = X1%*%beta1 + rnorm(n1)
## 2nd data
n2 = 200
X2 = MASS::mvrnorm(n2,mu,Cov)
beta2 = rep(0, p); beta2[c(1,2)] = c(1.8, 1.8)
y2 = X2%*%beta2 + rnorm(n2)
## test.set
G =c(1:10)

truth <- as.numeric(t(beta1[G]-beta2[G])%*%(beta1[G]-beta2[G]))
truth
#> [1] 2.33

Call Dist with model="linear":

Est = Dist(X1, y1, X2, y2, G, model="linear", A = diag(length(G)))

ci method for Dist

ci(Est)
#>    tau     lower    upper
#> 1 0.25 0.7528571 3.721829
#> 2 0.50 0.7038580 3.770828
#> 3 1.00 0.6058598 3.868826

summary method for Dist

summary(Est)
#> Call: 
#> Inference for Distance
#> 
#>   tau est.plugin est.debias Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)   
#>  0.25      1.716      2.237     0.7574   2.954 0.003137 **
#>  0.50      1.716      2.237     0.7824   2.860 0.004242 **
#>  1.00      1.716      2.237     0.8324   2.688 0.007192 **